Oswestry Disability Index 

This questionnaire has been designed to give us information as to how your back or leg pain is affecting your ability to manage in everyday life. Please answer by marking ONE statement in each section for the statement which best applies to you. We realise you may consider that two or more statements in any one section apply but please just shade out the spot that indicates the statement which most clearly describes your problem.

The Oswestry Disability Index (also known as the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire) is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability. The test is considered the ‘gold standard’ of low back functional outcome tools [1].

Scoring Instructions

For each section the total possible score is 5: if the first statement is marked the section score = 0; if the last statement is marked, it = 5. If all 10 sections are completed the score is calculated as follows: 

Example:

16 (total scored)

50 (total possible score) x 100 = 32% 

If one section is missed or not applicable the score is calculated: 

16 (total scored)

45 (total possible score) x 100 = 35.5% 

Minimum detectable change (90% confidence): 10% points (change of less than this may be attributable to error in the measurement) 

Interpretation of Scores 

0% to 20%: minimal disability: The patient can cope with most living activities. Usually no treatment is indicated apart from advice on lifting sitting and exercise. 

21%-40%: moderate disability: The patient experiences more pain and difficulty with sitting, lifting and standing. Travel and social life are more difficult and they may be disabled from work. Personal care, sexual activity and sleeping are not grossly affected and the patient can usually be managed by conservative means. 

41%-60%: severe disability: Pain remains the main problem in this group but activities of daily living are affected. These patients require a detailed investigation. 

61%-80%: crippled: Back pain impinges on all aspects of the patient's life. Positive intervention is required. 

81%-100%: These patients are either bed-bound or exaggerating their symptoms. 

References

1. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine 2000 Nov 15;25(22):2940-52; discussion 52.

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